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Abstract

In agricultural supply chains, the complexity and indeterminacy pose serious challenges to traceability, reliability and confidence today. This challenge is especially acute in the olive oil industry where adulteration, wrong labeling, and uneven chemical quality threaten the actual well-being of producers and consumers. The project aims to design a blockchain-based hybrid architecture with intelligent agents (FNNs) to enhance transparency, reliability and responsiveness in the olive oil supply chain. The Blockchain component enables a completely open, tamper-proof ledger to be built in a very decentralized way and preserved as an archive of every account of its transactions. The intelligent agents contribute to automated decision making, quality control and logistical optimization. The system leverages a real dataset of chemical olive oil with 572 samples with nine fatty acid statistics by being trained, and the system consists of four intelligent agents who work with a specific FNN-based FNN model. The system was validated using agent-based simulations that can reach accuracy levels of 82%, with low error rates, minimum Mean Squared Error (MSE) equal to 0.0157, low execution delay, and no real-world use was possible, the experiments were conducted as controlled simulations, and the feasibility of this model into real supply chain was assessed based on future studies. Results indicated that the computational overhead of the agents is uniform, and the performance is better than that of the ordinary or independent method. This system validates the system real-time and provides reliable information throughout the supply chain, creating an ability to establish real value from a single supplier and in achieving the goal of the SCM in the process of sustainable SCM for the other perishable goods sections.

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