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Abstract

Responsibility for maintaining election transparency over time and ensuring democratic values intact is held by the Iraqi Independent High Electoral Commission (IHEC). However, transferring physical election votes from election centers is a critical duty, where many challenges appear regarding accountability and security measures. This study proposes a system that utilizes blockchain technology to solve any challenges or difficulties and ensure an effective and improved election process by providing its highest trustworthiness and legitimacy and ensuring a decentralized security process. This system offers unique blockchain characteristics such as immutability, decentralization, and transparency, providing an extra level of security to the data against fraud attacks and providing anti-tamper. This system includes three main components: the first includes Internet of Things (IoT) scanners for election centers, which are responsible for saving physical voting results encrypted using homomorphic encryption algorithms. The second includes IHEC servers, which collect votes from multiple election centers and verify the authenticity of each one. The third is blockchain, which is used to securely transfer votes between these two components to ensure transparency and accountability that voters have voted and that no vote can be altered without being detected. As a result, the proposed system efficiently utilizes a lightweight private blockchain, Proof of Secret Sharing (PoSS) consensus. Compared to blockchain systems, it shows faster Transaction Per Second (TPS) of 37.84%, 84.14% in verification time, 87.39% in the final time, CPU usage of 73.94%, and CPU user time of 0.29%.

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