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Abstract

In lightweight cryptography, the absence of an S-Box in some algorithms like speck, Tiny Encryption Algorithm, or the presence of a fixed S-Box in others like Advanced Encryption Standard can make them more vulnerable to attacks. This study introduces an innovative method for creating a dynamic 6-bit S-Box (8×8) in octal format. The generating process of S-Box passes through two phases. The first is the number initialization phase. This phase involves generating sequence numbers 1, sequence numbers 2, and sequence numbers 3 depending on Xi, Yi, and Zi values generated using the 3D Hindmarsh Rose model. The second is the S-Box construction phase. This phase involves building S-Box values depending on sequence numbers 1, sequence numbers 2, and sequence numbers 3, which resulted from the number initialization phase. The effectiveness of the proposed S-Box was evaluated through various criteria, including the bijective property, balanced, fixed points, opposite fixed points, completeness criteria, avalanche criteria, and strict avalanche criteria. It was observed that S-Box achieved a linear and differential branch number of 3, non-linearity of 24, differential uniformity of 4, and algebraic degree of 3. In addition, reducing the number of linear and nonlinear operations makes it suitable for lightweight algorithms. The architecture of the proposed S-Box demonstrates robustness, with a total of 1.98×1087 possible S-Boxes against algebraic attacks. Moreover, the construction of the S-Box and its inverse take only 14.3542 milliseconds, making it suitable for use in many lightweight block ciphers. The new S-Box is the first to exhibit these characteristics.

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